The occurrence of any type of diabetes is due to the fact that glucose is not fully or partially absorbed by the human body, with many unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. Under normal conditions, the pancreas (PZH) automatically releases insulin hormone into the bloodstream as soon as glucose appears in the blood and is used by the body's cells to "absorb" sugar. In diabetics, this process is interrupted for a variety of reasons.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes typically occurs in early childhood and adolescence. The pancreas stops producing insulin because the beta cells in the "Langerhans Islands" in which it is produced are completely or partially killed. Sometimes clinical type 1 diabetes begins after severe viral infections, scientists say the defect in the immune system is "failure. "
Some dangerous viruses are very similar in structure to beta cells in the pancreas, and the immune system, along with foreign viruses, kills them. Insulin-producing cells are impossible to recover, so the only way for a diabetic to improve their metabolism is to control their blood sugar levels for a lifetime and to deliver insulin on time.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and old age. Its occurrence is very often associated with obesity, although it sometimes occurs after hereditary predisposition and after taking certain medications. Type 2 diabetes can develop in the background of chronic pancreatic diseases or during pregnancy. Even if the pancreas of such patients produces enough insulin, it progresses more slowly than necessary. Therefore, the cells do not have time to use up all the glucose and their levels rise.
The second cause of glycemia in type 2 diabetes is a decrease in the sensitivity of tissues to insulin hormone. Doctors refer to this disorder as "insulin resistance. "Simply put, they lack the normal amount, which is primarily associated with obesity.
Gestational diabetes
One type of type 2 diabetes is gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes. In pregnant women, the pancreas produces a normal amount of insulin, but the sensitivity of the tissues is reduced due to the "pregnancy hormones" in the blood. 1 begins, and DM 2 also appears in the background of the pregnancy, the presence of which was not suspected by the woman.